Periodontal disease is caused by plaque and, over time, tartar. Tartar is plaque in its hardened, mineralized form and can occur both above and below the gumline. While plaque can often be removed through routine brushing and flossing, tartar can only be removed through a thorough cleaning by a dental professional. When left untreated, the buildup of tartar can result in periodontitis, a disease that adversely affects the bones, gums, and other supporting oral tissues. Furthermore, research has found that gum disease can contribute to other serious health problems including heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems, diabetes, pneumonia, and increased health risks during pregnancy. Through regular periodontal screening, patients stand an excellent chance of halting the progress of the disease and preserving their natural teeth.